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Savings & Budgeting
Monthly Savings
Monthly Savings = Income − Expenses
Savings & Budgeting
Emergency Fund
Emergency Fund = 6 × Monthly Expenses
Savings & Budgeting
50/30/20 Rule
50% Needs + 30% Wants + 20% Savings
Personal Finance & Money Management
Future Value of Savings
Present Value × \(1 \+ r\)^t
Personal Finance & Money Management
Required Monthly Savings
Target Amount ÷ Months Left
Personal Finance & Money Management
Time to Reach Goal
ln\(FV ÷ PV\) ÷ ln\(1 \+ r\)
Personal Finance & Money Management
Inflation Adjusted Savings
Nominal Savings ÷ \(1 \+ Inflation Rate\)^t
Personal Finance & Money Management
Real Value of Money
Nominal Value ÷ CPI
Personal Finance & Money Management
Savings Rate %
\(Savings ÷ Income\) × 100
Personal Finance & Money Management
Net Worth
Assets − Liabilities
Personal Finance & Money Management
Loan EMI
\[P × r × \(1\+r\)^n\] ÷ \[\(1\+r\)^n − 1\]
Personal Finance & Money Management
Loan Interest
Principal × Rate × Time
Personal Finance & Money Management
Outstanding Loan Balance
EMI × n\_remaining
Personal Finance & Money Management
Debt\-to\-Income Ratio
\(Monthly Debt Payments ÷ Monthly Income\) × 100
Personal Finance & Money Management
Loan\-to\-Value Ratio \(LTV\)
Loan Amount ÷ Asset Value × 100
Personal Finance & Money Management
Effective Interest Rate
\(1 \+ \(i/n\)\)^n − 1
Personal Finance & Money Management
APR
\[\(Total Interest \+ Fees\) ÷ Loan Amount ÷ Years\] × 100
Personal Finance & Money Management
Simple Loan Payoff Time
Debt ÷ Monthly Payment
Personal Finance & Money Management
Amortization \(nth payment interest\)
Remaining Principal × Rate ÷ 12
Personal Finance & Money Management
Credit Card Interest
Balance × \(APR ÷ 12\)
Personal Finance & Money Management
Snowball Payoff Order
Smallest Debt → Largest
Personal Finance & Money Management
Avalanche Payoff Order
Highest Interest → Lowest
Personal Finance & Money Management
Debt Coverage Ratio
Net Income ÷ Total Debt Payment
Personal Finance & Money Management
Balloon Payment
Loan Principal − \(EMI × Paid Installments\)
Personal Finance & Money Management
Mortgage Affordability
28% × Gross Monthly Income
Personal Finance & Money Management
ROI
\(Final Value − Initial Value\) ÷ Initial Value × 100
Personal Finance & Money Management
CAGR
\[\(FV ÷ PV\)^\(1/t\) − 1\] × 100
Personal Finance & Money Management
Dividend Yield
Annual Dividend ÷ Share Price × 100
Personal Finance & Money Management
EPS
Net Income ÷ Outstanding Shares
Personal Finance & Money Management
P/E Ratio
Share Price ÷ EPS
Personal Finance & Money Management
Market Capitalization
Share Price × Shares Outstanding
Personal Finance & Money Management
Price\-to\-Book Ratio
Share Price ÷ \(Assets − Liabilities per Share\)
Personal Finance & Money Management
Sharpe Ratio
\(Portfolio Return − Risk\-Free Rate\) ÷ Std Dev
Personal Finance & Money Management
Bond Yield
Annual Coupon ÷ Bond Price × 100
Personal Finance & Money Management
Yield to Maturity \(YTM\) ≈ \[C \+ \(F − P\)/n\] ÷ \[\(F\+P\)/2\]
10. Yield to Maturity \(YTM\) ≈ \[C \+ \(F − P\)/n\] ÷ \[\(F\+P\)/2\]
Personal Finance & Money Management
Net Asset Value \(NAV\)
\(Assets − Liabilities\) ÷ Units
Personal Finance & Money Management
Alpha
Portfolio Return − Benchmark Return
Personal Finance & Money Management
Beta
Covariance\(Ra,Rm\) ÷ Variance\(Rm\)
Personal Finance & Money Management
Annualized Return
\(1\+Return\)^\(1/t\) − 1
Personal Finance & Money Management
Rule of 72
72 ÷ Interest Rate
Personal Finance & Money Management
Retirement Corpus
Annual Expense × Retirement Years × \(1\+Inflation\)^t
Personal Finance & Money Management
Safe Withdrawal Rate
4% × Retirement Corpus
Personal Finance & Money Management
Future Value of Annuity
P × \[\(1\+r\)^n − 1\] ÷ r
Personal Finance & Money Management
Present Value of Annuity
P × \[1 − \(1\+r\)^−n\] ÷ r
Personal Finance & Money Management
Pension Value
Annual Pension ÷ Discount Rate
Personal Finance & Money Management
Required Retirement Savings
\(Annual Expenses − Pension\) × Years
Personal Finance & Money Management
Inflation Adjusted Corpus
Corpus ÷ \(1\+Inflation\)^t
Personal Finance & Money Management
Social Security Replacement Rate ≈ 40% × Final Salary
8. Social Security Replacement Rate ≈ 40% × Final Salary
Personal Finance & Money Management
Annuity Payout
PV ÷ Annuity Factor
Personal Finance & Money Management
Longevity Risk Buffer
25% Extra Savings
Personal Finance & Money Management
Insurance Coverage Ratio
Insurance ÷ Annual Income
Personal Finance & Money Management
Human Life Value \(HLV\)
Annual Income × Years Left till Retirement
Personal Finance & Money Management
Premium
Coverage × Risk Factor × Term ÷ 1000
Personal Finance & Money Management
Sum Assured
Annual Expenses × Years Remaining
Personal Finance & Money Management
Loss Ratio
Claims Paid ÷ Premiums Collected
Personal Finance & Money Management
Risk Probability
Event Frequency ÷ Total Events
Personal Finance & Money Management
Expected Loss
Probability × Loss Amount
Personal Finance & Money Management
Replacement Cost
Asset Value − Depreciation
Personal Finance & Money Management
Premium\-to\-Income Ratio
Annual Premium ÷ Annual Income × 100
Personal Finance & Money Management
Insurance Adequacy
Coverage ÷ Liabilities × 100